Met de Aborigines (vaak ook Aboriginals en vroeger austraalnegers genoemd) worden de eerste menselijke bewoners van het Australische continent en hun afstammelingen aangeduid. Het woord aborigines stamt uit het Engels en betekent van oorsprong, dus de oorspronkelijke bewoners. Volgens de theorieën zijn de Aborigines daar ongeveer 60.000 jaar geleden aangekomen vanuit Zuidoost-Azië. (Net zoals de Indianen in Amerika). Op dat moment was het zeeniveau veel lager dan nu, maar toch moeten zij met behulp van een vaartuig het continent bereikt hebben. Zelfs bij een daling van de zeespiegel van 150 meter zouden er nog enkele zeestraten van ongeveer 100 km breedte moeten worden overwonnen. Ook in de ijstijd kon je niet "met droge voeten" van Indonesië naar Australië komen.

Zij waren jagers en nomaden. Zij leefden in groepjes van een 40-tal mensen die elk hun eigen terrein hadden.

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